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Futile Fights A Comparison of the Power Struggles in Romeo and Juliet and West Side Story - Literature Essay Samples

As entertaining and lasting as William Shakespeare’s iconic Romeo and Juliet is, the adaptations that the original has inspired contain a more potent representation of modern issues, as is to be expected considering the near four-century-long gap that separates their respective creations. This is especially true in the 1961 adaptation of the play, West Side Story, which was directed by Jerome Robbins and Robert Wise. Whereas the feud in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is simply representational of long-lasting ideologies of hatred and a power struggle shared between families, West Side Story is representational of minorities and their struggle to rise and ultimately belong in America upon immigrating. The two families of Romeo and Juliet’s struggle for power over one another represents little more than meets the eye. Though the deaths of their own loved ones serves up a tragic lesson, the hatred that the two feel for each other is rooted in family history and is absent of racial tension or much social commentary. We see the ideologies that work to forbid the young couple’s love appear early in the play, just after the two share their first kiss in Act 1 Scene 5. Romeo looks to Juliet’s nurse to find out who the girl is that he has just fallen for: ROMEO. What is her mother? NURSE. Marry, bachelor, Her mother is the lady of the house, And a good lady, and a wise and virtuous†¦ ROMEO. Is she a Capulet? O dear account! My life is my foe’s debt. (1.5.124-132). This little information has incredibly large meaning and consequence for Romeo, and he realizes that he must engage in a struggle against the duelling ideologies of the two families. Simply the word â€Å"Capulet† tells him that the love is forbidden, no matter how natural or mutual the feeling may be. Though, this power struggle seems to be as much against fate as it is against anything else. While this idea is romantic in its essence, it does not offer much critique of the real world in which the audience can learn from. Scholars have gone so far as to say that the feud is underdeveloped and somewhat of a weak point of the play. In his article â€Å"The Two Angry Families of Verona,† J. M. Nosworthy points out that the feud, which provides the power struggle in the piece, fails to heighten the stakes to its full potential. â€Å"Romeo and Juliet are opposed by two main forces – the feud and Fate,† Nosworthy writes, â€Å"†¦the feud is left undevelo ped and Shakespeare, too, fails to make it a vital and effective element in the plot† (225). Here, he points out that fate has as much to do with this struggle as the feud, rather than something with allegorical meaning like what we experience in West Side Story. Where Romeo and Juliet uses family tension to create the struggle for power, the adaptation uses socio-economic status and racial tension. Norsworthy continues his take on the plot element, saying that â€Å"A series of minor skirmishes, some of which are frankly comic in treatment, is not at all the same sort of thing as, let us say, the social conflict in what is, nevertheless, the ordered state of Rome in Coriolanus† (225). The writer here makes it clear that they find the source of the power struggle in Shakespeare’s play disappointing, and works to make us aware that if some further social tension were infused then perhaps the stakes could be raised, and we’d find Romeo and Juliet even more enticing than is the case. Though it can be argued that the feud would be improved through this, it is difficult to agree with Norsworthy’s account of the two families’ violence against one another as something silly or playful in nature. Take Act 3 Scene 1, when blood is shed on both sides of the fight, and we see what consequences are coming to the characters’ futures. Upon Romeo killing Tybalt in a duel, Benvolio lays out the scenario for him: BENVOLIO. Romeo, away, begone! The citizens are up, and Tybalt slain. Stand not amazed. The Prince will doom thee death if thou art taken. Hence, be gone, away. (3.1.138-141). These duels result in the real deaths of painfully young men in the play, and here Benvolio lets Romeo know that he too will soon be dead if he is caught with blood on his hands. Ultimately, it becomes clear that the feud in Romeo and Juliet has serious consequences, but also has room for improvement. And for that we turn to the 1961 film adaptation, West Side Story, for relief. The power struggle in West Side Story is representational of immigrant minorities in America, specifically Puerto Ricans, and their fight to have equal rights and opportunities in the areas in which they live. In Jerome Robbins and Robert Wise’s film adaptation of Shakespeare’s play, this struggle is carried out between two rival gangs, the Jets and the Sharks, in the West Side of New York City, USA. The two gangs’ respective demographics make the film’s social commentary quite obvious, as the Jets are strictly populated with the local American white teenagers, and the Sharks are composed of the children of Puerto Rican immigrants. The adaptation, then, hands itself the important responsibility of giving the audience proper views of both sides of the battle. This is often carried out through song in the musical, which confronts these racial and social tensions head on. America, a song sung primarily by The Shark Girls, gives us a look into the overarching power struggle of the film, presented by the rival gangs. Some lyrics to the song’s verses read: â€Å"Industry boom in America / Twelve in a room in America†¦Life is all right in America / If you’re a white in America†¦Free to be anything you choose / Free to wait tables and shine shoes†. In the form of an exciting and upbeat song performed by the Puerto Ricans of the story, we are provided with a poignant and truthful take on what life is like for these immigrants who are trying to fit into American society and make names for themselves. Unlike the original Romeo and Juliet, in which the feuding groups share very similar day-to-day lifestyles, the Jets have an obvious upper hand over the Sharks in terms of the opportunities that are presented to them. This, of course, speaks toward mid-20th century American society and how accepting it was of those who were different, and remains relevant in its critique all the way up to the present day. This social commentary provides the original plot structure of Romeo and Juliet with an entirely new meaning. The filmmakers have taken it and used it to say and show something of modern importance. Scholar Brian Eugenio Herrera looks at what the adaptation is portraying and speaking of in his article, â€Å"Compiling ‘West Side Story’s’ Parahistories, 1949-2009†. He gives us a helpful account of what was going on in 1950s America in the streets and with the gang-like groups such as those we see in the film. Herrera writes: Within emerging contemporary understandings of youth criminality in the mid-1950s, ‘juvenile delinquents’ were increasingly understood to be individual, usually white kids gone astray, while ‘gangs’ were ethnically or racially identified groups of kids defending and violating ethno-racial boundaries. (235) This perfectly portrays the injustice and double standards of the time period in New York City where the adaptation takes place. The Jets are delinquents – just some rambunctious kids who need to attend class more often, whereas the Sharks are seen as no-good law-breaking foreigners whose gang is raising hell in the streets. West Side Story is successful in using its plot’s power struggle to comment on social tensions and issues of the relevant time period. It does Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet proud, while crafting an inventive and important story of its own. The original Romeo and Juliet is a timeless work, and the fact that it can be adapted in so many different forms and with so many different meanings, as shown by West Side Story, is proof of its endearing quality and of William Shakespeare’s mastery. Though they differ in their commentary on ideologies, both works tell important stories of the unnecessary power struggles shared between two groups who are doing more harm to themselves than good. In praising the adaptation, may we never forget to respect the source. Works Cited Herrera, Brian Eugenio. â€Å"Compiling ‘West Side Story’s’ Parahistories, 1949-2009.† Theatre Journal, vol. 64, no. 2, 2012, pp. 231-247. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41679580. Accessed 15 Feb. 2018. Nosworthy, J. M. â€Å"The Two Angry Families of Verona.† Shakespeare Quarterly, vol. 3, no. 3, 1952, pp. 219-226. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org.proxy1.lib.uwo.ca/stable/2866300. Accessed 18 Feb. 2018. Shakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet. Edited by Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine, Folger Shakespeare Library, Simon Schuster Paperbacks, 1992. West Side Story. Directed by Jerome Robbins and Robert Wise, performances by Natalie Wood, George Chakiris, Rita Moreno, and Richard Beymer, United Artists, 1961.

Social Change - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1225 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/09/13 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Positive Social Change Education Colloquia Walden University C4 – San Diego A bend in the road is not the end of the road †¦ unless you fail to make the turn Walden’s Mission Walden University provides adult learners broad access to the highest quality postsecondary through a distance learning Text environment. Waldens learner centered programs prepares its graduates to achieve professional excellence and to effect positive social change. Social Change Task Force Positive social change is a deliberate process of creating and applying ideas, strategies, and actions to promote the worth, dignity, and development of individuals, communities, organizations, institutions, cultures, and societies. Positive social change results in the improvement of human and social conditions. Social Change Task Force In addition, Walden University supports positive social change through the development of principled, knowledgeable, and ethical scholarpractitioners, who are and will become civic and professional role models by advancing the betterment of society. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Social Change" essay for you Create order Patterns of Social Change Rate of change occurs differently across societies and its institutions Both positive and negative effects arise from social change, and are often disproportionately distributed. Some changes have only passing signi? cance, others have more profound effects. SC can occur inside bureaucracies, outside, or in alliances that straddle each of these Laws can both facilitate and restrict social change (eg, civil rights, arresting environmental activists, marriage laws) Social Justice Equality and social justice is the goal of much social change Social justice while people differ profoundly as individuals, all are equally entitled to consideration and respect (Sargent et al. 1998) Social change is brought about by: Con? ict/Competition †¢ For Marx, class struggle †¢ Globalization Sputnik New social movements (NSMs) Technological Innovations Natural Human made disasters Awareness †¢ eg, environment impacts, AIDS research Demographics †¢ immigration patterns Educational Change Fullan However noble, sophisticated, or enlightened proposals for change and improvement might be, they come to nothing if teachers don’t adopt them in their own classrooms and if they don’t translate them into effective classroom practice (p. 13). What’s worth ? ghting for in your school? (Fullan and Hargreaves, 1996). Fullan – Hargreaves The following are reasons changes don’t work: Problems themselves are complex, and not easily amenable to solutions given the resources at hand. Time lines are unrealistic because policy-makers want immediate results. There are tendencies toward faddism. Most strategies alienate teachers. Structural solutions (like curriculum) do not come with appropriate professional development. Which of these ring true for your district or institution? Why? Systemic Change https://academic. brooklyn. cuny. edu/education/jlemke   Educational change is about interrupting sustainable processes and structures with deep embedding in a much larger social-economic-ecological system and Fostering the emergence of alternative processes and structures require understanding of timescales. All educational changes take place inside diverse, complex, multi-scale systems and seek to correct inequities. Complex Systems and Educational Change Jay Lemke, CCNT Reform efforts are more likely to be sustained when there is prior assessment of the school system and community readiness for change and when incremental changes alternate with periods of re? ection, consolidation, and buy-in by all partners, including parents and the wider community [stepwise strategy] Time Scale of Educational Changes Phenomenon Teacher-student ratio Instructional unit of 3-12 months Teacher-student relayionship Use of textbooks Frontal, proscenium architecture; single dominant visual focus Lecture, question exchange structure Age segregation across age range 5 – 18 years Sequential curriculum; uniform content and pacing for all students at a given age Curriculum content in many ? elds Time (320) years â€Å"   Ã¢â‚¬Å" 160 years   Ã¢â‚¬Å"   Ã¢â‚¬Å" 100 years   Ã¢â‚¬Å" 50-100 years Time Scale of Educational Changes Intervention driver process Curriculum reform mandates Curriculum reform implementation Teaching method change mandate New assessment mandates Assessment cycles Teacher education reform mandates Teacher preparation change Funding reform mandate Expenditure changes New technology development Widespread technology adoption Typical time 3-5 yrs 15 yrs 6-15 yrs 3 yrs . 5 – 1. 0 year 3 yrs 5- 15 years 10 years 3-15 years 7-10 yrs 10-15 yrs Enacting Positive Social Change Suppose, you wish to make history and not simply understand it. Suppose you want to effect change rather than simply gain insight into it. Suppose you are confronted with the problem of, or desire to, change the Educational System. †¢ What change would you make? †¢ What challenges do you face? †¢ How do you proceed? Challenges Social inequality -Power Resistance to change politics environment social justice $$$$ Bureaucracy Inequities in Education SOCIAL in origin not due to the biological or psychological characteristics of individuals Racial Gap in test scores Gender – Math and Science Gap between rich and poor increases Unequal access to education, technology and health care Geographical isolation (Rural, regional, remote)limited access to resources Reformism Work from within institutions and communities to enact social change Use of? cial bureaucratic procedures to achieve change eg, teacher organizations, legal aid advisers, social service agencies, health institutions, businesses, able to access media, policy makers, and sympathetic members of dominant group Work with social and global movement groups Social Movement Groups Consist of people who seek, by their recurrent and collective activities, to in? uence social change in some particular direction (Sargent et al, 1998, p. 26) Embrace concerns related to culture, values and human rights Social Movement Groups Work outside traditional political institutions, but may have networks with various policy decision makers NPP (National Priorities Project) is a nonpartisan education and advocacy organization that reports on ? nancial statistics for government spending. According to NPP (nationalpriorities. org), we could have provided 29. 5 million college scholarships with the fu nds weve spent on the war in Iraq so far, and 3,300 scholarships with the funds taxpayers spent on security at the inauguration. Global Justice Movements Broad Alliance of people concerned with a range of issues have formed the basis of social justice movements as the links between issues are made clearer Mobilizing people with a common agenda which serves as a basis for an alternative to status quo. Empowering Global Justice Movements Grassroots activists bring issues to the attention of politicians and scientists ACHIEVEMENTS †¢ Raise public awareness †¢ Challenge ideas that there are no alternatives †¢ Global protests Summary Many of these strategies have been successful in highlighting the issues of disenfanchised groups, and have succeeded in contributing towards creating a more socially just society Sociology provides us with the knowledge, and responsibility, to contribute towards social change and to facilitate social justice Noteable Quoteables Abraham Lincoln: The dogmas of the quiet past are inadequate to the stormy present. The occasion is piled high with dif? culty, and we must rise with the occasion. As our case is new, so we must think anew and act anew. Alice Walker: No person is your friend who demands your silence, or denies your right to grow. Anne Frank: How wonderful it is that nobody need wait a single moment before starting to improve the world. References Appelbaum, Richard P. , (1970), Theories of Social Change, Markham Publishing: Chicago    Etzioni, Amitai, Eva Etzioni-Halevy, (1973), Social change: Sources, patterns and consequences, ed. , 2nd ed. , Basic Books: New York De Leon, David, (1988), Everything is changing: Contemporary US movements in historical perspective, Praeger: New York    Hornell Hart, Social Theory and Social Change, in Symposium on Sociological Theory, ed. Llewellyn Gross ( Evanston, Ill. : Row, Peterson Co. , 1959), p. 201. Oberschall, Anthony, (1992), Social movements:   Ideologies, interests and identities, Transaction Publishers: New Brunswick, New Jersey    Merkl, Peter H. , Leonard Weinberg, (1997), The revival of right-wing extremism in the nineties, eds. , Frank Cass: Portland, Oregon    Harper, Charles L. , (1998), Exploring social change:   American and the world, 3rd ed. , Prentice Hall:   Upper Saddle River, NJ

Teaching Career Early Childhood Education - 1228 Words

Teaching Career Early Childhood Tanya Borrego San Jacinto Community College Professor Gilmore EDUC 1300: Learning Framework The career I have chosen is early childhood education. I want to teach children in grades pre-k through 1st grade. What does it take to become a teacher? Becoming a teacher takes a lot of patience and hard work. A teacher will have to identify learning patterns of children and pay attention to the different needs the children may have. Children have different learning styles. The teacher will be trained with different techniques of how to interact with children and how to reinforce good behavior. This is a must for pre-school teachers. The children that come through the doors have never been in a structured school setting. Everything is new to the children and they will probably behave as they do at home. I have volunteered in classrooms and watched how teachers reinforce good behavior. It can be the simplest thing, but to a child it will make a world of difference. The children set in their spot and the teacher will go around and give each student a sme lly stamp. A teacher will change and have an impact the way a student learns. A normal day for a teacher is a very interactive day. The teacher prepares the lessons the night before so they are ready in the morning. The teacher instructs the students on the building blocks of learning. The students will learn the alphabet, how to count, rhymes, colors and many other subjects. The teacher prepares theShow MoreRelatedMy Career Path For A Teacher Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pageshow they want to approach the right career path for them. They also have many different careers to choose from, they just have to find the right career for them. I however have not made up my mind. Right now I am working on obtaining a degree in Early Childhood Education. I haven’t decided whether I want to teach the younger kids or if I want to teach the older ones. After years of developing a passion of teaching, I’ve decided to take on the career of teaching. There are many degrees that youRead MoreCareer Essay : I Am A Nurse936 Words   |  4 PagesBriana McGee Career Essay Dr. Lawson November 17, 2014 Career Essay Before I reached college, I had my mind made up on being a nurse. Being a nurse was something I constantly talked about and I could not wait to pursue that dream. However, once I got to college and realized how hard becoming a nurse would be for me, I began to have second thoughts. I have always been a nurturing and caring person towards kids. For me, it seemed like being around kids made me the happiest person in the world. ThisRead MoreA Professional Teacher Is Not An Easy Task Essay1310 Words   |  6 Pagesrectitude teacher?To become a professional teacher is not an easy task. Professional teaching is the combination of experience, knowledge, lot of preparation and commitment. The person who wants to become a professional teacher need to have firm beliefs and strong qualities regarding to work with children and their families. For the development of professionalism we need to have a clear distinguish knowledge in teaching and should maintain professional standards.The main qua lity being a professionalRead MoreEarly Childhood Education For Children From Low Income Households Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pages Early Childhood Education Early Childhood Educators work in the subset of education that focuses on the infant through preschool age group. Early Childhood Education creates a significant difference in a child development and learning abilities. There is a variety of avenues one can explore for their child’s pre-education. These specific programs are known by several different names, two of which are preschool and pre-K. Educators can work in many different programs with in churches, public schoolsRead MoreGraduation Speech : Early Childhood Educator1314 Words   |  6 PagesEarly-Childhood Educator A day in the life of an early-childhood educator begins early with consistent routines. Teachers arrive at their room and prepare activities for the day. Once the students arrive in the classroom teachers begin with a structured morning activity to get their minds moving. After, morning announcements teachers begin to teach for the day with fun, in gaging lessons that seem to not even be related to learning. On some days the students will go to specials such as music, artRead MoreThe National Association For The Education Of Young Children Essay1140 Words   |  5 PagesAssociation for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC), advocates excellence in early childhood education. According to the NAEYC, extensive research has proven that â€Å"a high quality developmentally appropriate early childhood programs produce short-and-long term positive effects on children’s cognitive and social development.† Preschool education began to become a concern in the early 1800s. In1805, Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, implemented the ‘Pestalozzi Method’ of teaching. He believed that childrenRead MoreFinding The Teachers Perception About The Giftedness Early Childhood1045 Words   |  5 PagesIII. Methods 7 My goal is to discover the teachers’ perception about the giftedness in early childhood. I will conduct a qualitative study to comprehend how preservice early childhood education teachers identify giftedness in early years and how they construct their perceptions during their student teaching experience. Applying qualitative research will enable me to grasp array of perspectives and multiple interpretations of the individuals regarding the issue I am investigating (Glesne, 1999)Read MoreEarly Childhood Education : An Impacting Career823 Words   |  4 PagesCherlyn Womack Ms. Triplett English IV 15 October 2014 Early Childhood Education: An Impacting Career ​What young children learn at an early age can affect future learning in elementary school. With that being said early childhood educators have an impact on children s learning during the first year of schooling. For instance, in a daycare-type setting toddlers learn to work together, they learn to share, and they learn to cooperate. Concepts such as these, though not limited to, are concepts thatRead MoreThe Professional Identity Of A Teacher1217 Words   |  5 Pagesthe professional identity of a teacher. We must understand the standards that are expected of teachers by revising policies such as the Melbourne Declaration (2008), AITSL’s (Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership) Australian Professional Standards for Teachers (2015) and the Early Years Learning Framework (2009). We must be capable of drawing on our own understanding from knowledge we have gained from previous educational and life experience and use this to reflect and constructRead More The Career Field Of Early Childhood Education1746 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Careers in Early Childhood Education, the field of early childhood education deals with teaching and education young children, commonly at a preschool level. Early childhood education appeared as a separate branch of education after several studies were conducted and told us that the time before a child goes to kindergarten are the most important for developing their learning abilities and social skills. Studies were conducted by the Department of Education, and many other government

Boeing 7 free essay sample

A reverse of this trend is crucial to reach some of the projected sales numbers that Boeing is counting on. There are several factors to these lower numbers. A decrease in business travel has occurred due to cost and the advance of conferencing technologies. And lastly, the weak economy has vacationers thinking of local destinations instead of traveling abroad. Market Share Boeing’s fiercest competitor is Airbus. It is crucial that the new 7E7 delivers on its promise of lower operating cost. This will help command a larger share of the market. This becomes even more important if the economy doesn’t recover as quickly as we hope. The other aspect of the 7E7’s success is the engineering of an expandable wing. Adding this versatility will give the 7E7 owner more options for travel routes. Sensitivity Analysis The following is the sensitivity analysis of the Boeing project which gives optimistic and pessimistic estimates for the underlying variables of volume and cost of sales. We will write a custom essay sample on Boeing 7 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The purpose of the sensitivity analysis is to express cash flows in terms of the variables of this project. Boeing had to determine what the decide what the underlying variables were which in this case happen to be development costs and the per-copy costs to build the 7E7. For the project to increase shareholder wealth, Boeing would have to sell at least 2,500 aircraft over a 20-year period. Airbus is a close competitor. They will be coming to market with a new A380. If Boeing falls behind regarding innovation, they may lose their market share. For Boeing to have a future in the aviation industry, they must take the risk to develop this new place. With the economy so volatile, airlines will be looking for options that reduce their operational costs. The 7E7 will do this. The success of the expandable wing will give the plane attractive versatility. Fuel prices are also on the rise, this is yet another reason why a plane with a lower operating cost will succeed in the future The equity market risk premium should equal the excess return expected by investors on the market portfolio. In this case it was calculated to be 7. 14%. The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) was calculated to be 15. 443%. For the project to increase shareholder wealth, the IRR of the project should at least equal the WACC. For this to happen Boeing would have to sell at least 2500 airliners in a 20-year period.

Theodore Roethke free essay sample

# 8217 ; s Use Of Tone Essay, Research Paper Roethke # 8217 ; s Use of Tone Childhood experiences seem to be the 1s that are recollected most vividly throughout a individual # 8217 ; s life. Almost everyone can retrieve some facet of his or her childhood experiences, pleasant and unpleasant alike. Theodore Roethke # 8217 ; s poem # 8220 ; My Papa # 8217 ; s Waltz # 8221 ; suggests even further that this construct could be true. The dance described in this verse form illustrates an interaction between male parent and kid that contains more than the expected joyous, loving attitude between the two characters. Roethke # 8217 ; s tone in this work exhibits the blended, yet powerful emotions that he, as a adult adult male, feels when looking back on this childhood experience. The writer slightly implicates feelings of bitterness fused with a loving trust with his male parent. For illustration, the first two lines of the verse form read: # 8220 ; The whisky on your breath/ Could do a little male child dizzy ; # 8221 ; ( Roethke 668 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Theodore Roethke or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This excerpt appears to put a dark kind of temper for the full remainder of the verse form. By the first two lines, the reader may already see how this adult male feels about his male parent # 8217 ; s inebriation. It seems as if Roethke has preceded his verse form with this factor in order to show the bitterness that he feels toward his male parent. However, the last two lines of the verse form suggest feelings other than bitterness: # 8220 ; Then waltzed me off to bed/ Still cleaving to your shirt # 8221 ; ( Roethke 668 ) . By adverting the fact that his male parent put him to bed, Roethke seems to demo fond feelings Bridges 2 involved in this dance. He shows his caring feelings in the last line by utilizing the words # 8220 ; still cleaving # 8221 ; . # 8220 ; Surely, this little male child # 8217 ; s household life has its awful side, but the last line suggests the male child is still cleaving to his male parent with relentless if besides complicated love # 8221 ; ( Kennedy and Gioia 668 ) . Although their dance appears to be # 8220 ; amusing # 8221 ; , Roethke seems to possess # 8220 ; an uneven and ambivalent intimacy # 8221 ; to his seemingly intoxicated male parent ( Balakian 62 ) . Still even more grounds of these assorted feelings is illustrated in the 3rd stanza. # 8220 ; This love dance, a sort of blood rite between male parent and boy, shows suppressed panic combined with awe-inspired dependence # 8221 ; ( Balakian 62 ) . # 8220 ; The manus that held my wrist/was battered on one metacarpophalangeal joint ; / At every measure you missed/ My right ear scraped a buckle # 8221 ; ( Roethke 668 ) . The talker # 8217 ; s father # 8217 ; s manus being # 8220 ; battered on one metacarpophalangeal joint # 8221 ; is declarative of a adult male who works difficult with his custodies. This stanza suggests that Papa likely earned a modest life and might hold drunk on a regular footing to get away from world. This stanza besides provides the reader with the feeling of how aggressive this dance may be. Roethke is seemingly mentioning to his male parent # 8217 ; s belt buckle in the last line of the 3rd stanza. During an aggressive act such as this, a little kid wo uld see hurting from such a adult male # 8217 ; s belt buckle # 8220 ; grating # 8221 ; across his ear in this manner, yet the kid choruss from any type of opposition. Possibly this is caused by the kid # 8217 ; s fear that his male parent will go angry, so the kid merely endures the hurting and attempts to bask the minute, for he may besides experience love and attending that he may non have on a regular basis from his male parent. Bridges 3 John J. McKenna offers us farther suggestions about the feelings suggested in this verse form. In McKenna # 8217 ; s article, two of the manuscript manuscripts to # 8220 ; My Papa # 8217 ; s Waltz # 8221 ; are discussed. McKenna implies that the alterations made between these manuscripts are farther grounds that this verse form shows assorted emotions through the tone that Roethke utilizes. These holograph manuscripts are labeled # 8220 ; MS-A # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; MS-B # 8221 ; at the University of Washington where they are contained in the archives. The first of these alterations discussed in McKenna # 8217 ; s article is the gender of the kid in the verse form. He discusses how Roethke seemed to reason with himself about what the sex of the kid should be, but eventually chooses male for a few different grounds. # 8220 ; It seems plausible that he did acknowledge the rough-house nature of this propertyless father’s walk-in. Certainly American society of 1941, the twelvemonth of the poem’s composing, would see this unsmooth drama as more appropriate for a male child than for a miss. By replacing ‘boy’ for ‘girl’ , so, Roethke could maintain the double tone of this dance: a small unsmooth and chilling and a small beloved and loving† ( McKenna 34-35 ) . The alterations shown here are yet another indicant of this adult man’s emotions toward his childhood experience between him and his male parent. McKenna besides discusses a important alteration made in the 3rd stanza of the verse form. This alteration involves the 4th line which reads # 8220 ; My right ear scraped a buckle # 8221 ; ( Roethke 668 ) . McKenna discusses how Roethke seemed to reciprocate between the two versions, replacing # 8220 ; forehead # 8221 ; for # 8220 ; right ear # 8221 ; and frailty versa ( 35 ) . # 8220 ; In the revised [ and concluding ] version, so, the talker # 8217 ; s caput is turned to the side, more in the attitude of a kid # 8217 ; s embracing? Therefore, the consequence is positive on the tone because the dance becomes an Bridges 4 informal, ad-lib runaway # 8221 ; ( McKenna 35 ) . This factor makes it clear to the reader that, although this walk-in is unsmooth and violent, there are still some loving feelings between the kid and his male parent. Even more alterations were applied to the 4th stanza of # 8220 ; My Papa # 8217 ; s Waltz # 8221 ; . # 8220 ; In # 8216 ; MS-A # 8217 ; , the first two lines originally read: # 8216 ; The manus wrapped round my head/ Was harsh from weeds and soil # 8217 ; . Significantly, these two lines depicting the male parent # 8217 ; s manus really touching the son/ girl were greatly revised # 8221 ; ( McKenna 35 ) . These lines were changed to state something about wholly different: # 8220 ; You beat clip on my head/ With a thenar caked hard by soil, / Then waltzed me off to bed/ Still cleaving to your shirt # 8221 ; ( Roethke 668 ) . McKenna notes how Roethke replaced # 8216 ; kept # 8217 ; with # 8216 ; beat # 8217 ; and in making so, # 8220 ; doing the state of affairs more baleful, more negative # 8221 ; ( 35 ) . The 2nd line is besides about wholly different than it appears in the two original manuscripts. The word # 8216 ; palm # 8217 ; appears in the concluding versio n alternatively of # 8216 ; manus # 8217 ; . McKenna mentions this alteration in stating that # 8220 ; the male parent # 8217 ; s thenar is so difficult, albeit from honorable work ; he is a difficult adult male every bit good as a difficult worker. He even plays difficult # 8221 ; ( 35-36 ) . McKenna remarks farther by saying that the alterations in the first two lines of the 4th stanza # 8220 ; personalise the dance between the talker and his male parent. At the same clip, they add an undeniably negative tone with the words # 8216 ; beat # 8217 ; and # 8216 ; palm caked difficult # 8217 ; . In add-on, the three stressed syllables in # 8216 ; palm caked difficult # 8217 ; stress the insistent, invasive power of the male parent over the kid # 8221 ; ( 36 ) . It is apparent through these alterations that Roethke truly wanted to state something in this verse form. All of the different alterations made in the verse form are rather demonstrative of how Bridges 5 powerful his feelings for his male parent must hold been. # 8220 ; ? Roethke tried, through careful alterations to equilibrate negative and positive tones in # 8216 ; My Papa # 8217 ; s Waltz # 8217 ; # 8221 ; ( McKenna 36 ) . Although the dance between him and his male parent was unsmooth and aggressive, the really fact that Roethke chose to compose about the walk-in indicates that it is a particular minute he remembers sharing with his male parent. The poet has a singular ability to depict the minute and non his feelings. This is what makes # 8220 ; My Papa # 8217 ; s Waltz # 8221 ; so interesting and leaves so much to reading. Bibliography Balakian, Peter. Theodore Roethke # 8217 ; s Far Fields. Baton Rouge: Pelican state State University Press, 1989. Gioia, Dana, A ; Kennedy, X. J. ( Eds. ) . ( 1999 ) . Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 7th Edition. New York, NY: Longman. McKenna, John J. # 8220 ; Roethke # 8217 ; s Revisions and the Tone of # 8216 ; My Papa # 8217 ; s Waltz # 8217 ; # 8221 ; . ANQ Spring 1998: v11n2. Online. Galileo. 21 October 1999. Roethke, Theodore. # 8220 ; My Papa # 8217 ; s Waltz # 8221 ; . , Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, And Drama. Ed. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 7th Ed. New York, NY: Longman, 1999. 668.

How to Build a Marketing Report Quickly (Free Template) - CoSchedule

How to Build a Marketing Report Quickly (Free Template) Most marketers would rather not spend time building reports. It can be a tedious process that takes your focus off doing other work. However, good reporting is essential for proving your efforts are moving the needle. The key, then, is learning how to build effective reports quickly. That way, you’ll be able to show (with real data) how well you’re performing. You’ll also have more time to spend on things that actually make a difference (instead of compiling  reports). In this post, we’ll walk through a complete marketing report template you can use. It’s built to be flexible and editable to adjust to your own needs. We’ve also intentionally excluded complex formulas that, while beneficial for automation, can easily break when adding or removing portions you may or may not need. We’ll also show you: How to build this report using free tools. Different marketers have different tool sets and workflows. So, for the purposes of this post, we’ll demonstrate how and where to find usable data from free sources. Replace those tools with your own paid alternatives where necessary. How to analyze your marketing performance and translate it into language others can understand. How to get this all done quickly so you can spend your time on other things. Now, let’s make you a marketing reporting master. Why Bother Building Reports, Anyway? If you can find all your analytics data inside your reporting tools, or within individual apps and services themselves, then why do you need to complete formal reports? Here are a few reasons: Your boss and company executives need to see all your data in one place. They want to see your numbers, and they want to see them quickly. You need that visibility yourself. Mashing together data from multiple sources in one location can help you connect the dots in ways you wouldn’t otherwise. It’s useful for others in your company to see how marketing is performing. Beyond executives and decision-makers, other staff might benefit from seeing the numbers. To make this whole process more expedient, download your template below.How To Build A Marketing Report Quickly (Free Template)Section 1: Marketing and Sales Summary First and foremost, marketing needs to increase your bottom line. So, that’s where our reporting template will start. To begin, include a short summary of three successes your team achieved over the past month: These could include: Successful projects you’ve recently completed. Significant increases on your KPIs. Problems your team has been able to solve. Anything you’ve achieved that’s worth sharing can go in this space. Next, let’s take a look at your sales and revenue. These are the numbers that rule your entire life (as a marketer). Where to Find This Info Start with your own team to find quick wins to share. If you’re not immediately aware of what those might be, ask your supervisor or coworkers. Try to find stories that show what you’re accomplishing to earn your paychecks. Depending on your role and the size of your organization, tracking down your sales data may not be as obvious. If you don’t typically dig into tools that can show this data (CRMs, Google Analytics, and so forth), you may need to get some outside help. If that’s the case for you, here are some starting points to consider: Ask your sales team. They should have numbers for leads and revenue. Your finance department. Again, they should know how much money is coming in. Your sales management or tracking software. If your company uses such a service, see if you can get access for reporting purposes. Regardless of where they come from, what’s important is that you report accurate numbers. Recommended Reading: How to Rock at Relationship Marketing Like the Best Sales Pros Section 2: Website / Blog Performance Report You’ve likely invested a hefty chunk of change in your website. If you’re running a blog, you’re (hopefully) putting ample resources into publishing consistent content, too. In either instance, you should be making sure they’re both earning their keep.

2 articles Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

2 articles - Article Example This paradigm involves a new relationship between instructors and their students. The conventional and traditional form of learning is boring, to say the least. Furthermore, in the case of adult learners instructors should be quick to identify their characteristics early on. The article further illustrates the differences between the two learning methods highlighting the importance of adopting a constructivism approach in teaching adult learners. The idea on adopting constructivism in teaching adult learners is a splendid approach on its own. However, the approach is not effective when the course involves instructional design. This is usually in the case that the adult learners are new to the course topic. As novices in the course topic, the instructor needs to adopt a different learning technique. The key terms in this article are constructivism and the adult learning theory. The latter is also known as Androgogy. These key terms are directed to instructors who teach adult learners in an online setting. Through the implementation of both methods, the instructors are bound to achieve success in the teaching the adult learners. Constructivism refers to a theory that states that humans inherently generate their own knowledge and meaning through the interaction of both their experiences and ideas. The adult learning theory, on the other hand, refers to a learning theory that is addresses the individual needs of adults. The significant learning as adults and children interact is used as the basis of this theory. Constructivism should be adopted in adult learning as it tries integrates several principles such as active learning, real life learning, prior knowledge, social interaction. This approach in collaboration with the adult learning theory assists adult learners in learning quickly and more efficiently. The authors of this paper analyze the reasons why adult learners either

Response Journal 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Response Journal 3 - Essay Example However, an attempt to minimize the greenhouse effect may lead to new problems that will appear in the nearest future. For example, according to the information presented by the French bank Credit Agricole, the consumption of cement will increase in half. The invention of carbon negative cement is an ethical situation as it does not stick to major principles of engineering ethics. It is known that every engineer must do everything to contribute to the health, welfare and safety of the society he/she lives in. Another important principle is to act only in the sphere of competence. Engineers have no right to suggest inventions in any other sphere. That is why it is possible to criticize the above-mentioned invention as it has not been done together with ecologists, who seem to be the first group to handle the problem with greenhouse effect. The growing demand of cement will not contribute to people’s welfare. It is necessary to inform the public about the advantages and disadvan tages of cement utilization to act according to the principles of ethic engineering. The next step will be to cooperate with ecologists and inform the public in case of any other innovations in the field. Works Cited Alok Jha. Guardian News and Media Limited, Feb. 2008. Web. 31 Dec. 2010

Imam Ali in my word Essay Example for Free

Imam Ali in my word Essay Imam Alis (p.b.o.h.) stories are so fascinating to read and to hear about. Knowing about Imam Ali (p.b.o.h.) life style and stories is so wonderful. Especially how Imam Ali (p.b.o.h.) saved Islam and won battles for example when Imam Ali (p.b.o.h) slept in prophet Mohammeds (p.b.o.h.) bed so that prophet Mohammed could take his last journey, Imam Ali slept in the prophets bed because the people that wanted to prevent and kill the prophet so to save Islam Imam Ali took . Also to understand how Islam was saved for and passed to us to be Muslims now. All the stories I enjoyed. But the one that I liked most is well is not actually a story but what will happen in the future to Imam Ali (p.b.o.h.). When Imam Mahdi (p.b.o.h.) comes back before Qiyamat and the Imam Ali (p.b.o.h.) comes and slowly the rest of the Imams (p.b.o.h.) come back, I found that so lovely knowing that one day the Imams will come back, and if I live I may see then return to the world and take over. I liked Imam Alis personality how Imam Ali cared for his family dearly by helping out at home and the way Imam played with his two sons: Hasan and Hussain. The way Imam Ali was fair and considerate to other people as in another story about The pomegranate how Fatima (p.b.o.h.) wanted a pomegranate and Imam Ali went to get one but when he got to the shop there was only one left that he could have, but along the way Imam Ali met a old man and gave half to the old man because he was thinking if Fatima but the man asked for the other half so kindly Imam gave, when he got home he was a bit shy to face Fatima as Fatima never asked for any thing but when he found out that send from heaven, Fatima was eating pomegranates.

Hazing and the Student’s Consequences :: Free Essays Online

Hazing and the Student’s Consequences I recently enlightened myself to an interesting incident in a small college in northern New York state which brought attention to a subject our country has cursed, loved and fretted about for years – that of hazing. Hazing is defined as: To persecute or harass with meaningless, difficult, or humiliating tasks. To initiate, as into a college fraternity, by exacting humiliating performances from or playing rough practical jokes upon. (Dictionary.com) These â€Å"jokes† have affected the lives of a number of people in a large way. The first article of which I made reference comes from a New York Times writer Lisa W. Foderado, which focuses on recent events at Plattsburg State, a college in Northern New York. A boy entering an underground fraternity was put under â€Å"water torture,† where he was forced to drink pitcher after pitcher, and even drain funnels of water. This task made him go into a condition which is called hyponatremia, where sodium levels in the blood drop to dangerously low levels; he died later that night. This article shows the dangers of these â€Å"underground† fraternities, and their tainting of the Greek system. The second article comes from P&M’s press, and focuses on hazing that takes place in other types of societies, basing it on squirrel activities, and showing how they can harm themselves from dangerous activities. The third article comes from the University of Florida archives, and ties controlled hazing into good tradition. These freshman hazing rituals created a bond between the classes, and gave interesting activities to all of the students. From the good to the bad, hazing is at the least â€Å"an issue.† Hazing from one side can have effects ranging from a hangover, to burst cheek pouches, to even death. On the other hand, a strong bond between the students is made, and gives good experience to younger students in their life education. Looking at Foderado, we are presented a case of extreme penalties from a harsh incident. A boy who was just trying to fit into a group was given the most extreme of penalties from an incident of pure stupidity. Neither the group nor the boy showed any responsibility in the matter.

Coffee Stand Essay

The proponents thought of a coffee business since Filipinos are known to be coffee – lovers. To satisfy consumer cravings, they came up with other blends of coffee, these blends will surely fulfill the cravings of the buyers. 1. 1 Project Proponents The proponents are composed of three (3) students from the College of Business taking up Hotel and Restaurant Management. The proponents have undergone series of brainstorming in order to come up this kind of business. Table 1: Proponents NAME| ADDRESS| NATIONALITY| OWNERSHIP| Paringit, Jerick U. | 78 Peras St. Bagong Barrio Caloocan City| Filipino| 33 1/3%| Lacabra, Elisha Grace V. | 43 Ero Bernardino Seminary St. Bagbag Novaliches| Filipino| 33 1/3%| Viloria, Vanessa DC. | 7 Pangako St. Bagong Barrio Caloocan City| Filipino| 33 /3%| 1. 2 Proposed Name of the Project The proponents named the business â€Å"Kofilicious† a combination of the words Coffee and delicious. It is a place where you can satisfy your coffee cravings at affordable prices. Kofilicious aims to serve blended coffees that are suited to the tastes of the customers. 1. 3 Type of Business Organization The proponents agreed to form a General Partnership with all three (3) partners. All of them will manage and participate in the business operation; each partner is subjected to contribute their share to come up with the required capital for the initial operation of the business. All of the proponents would be general partners with 33 1/3% shares each in capital requirement. 1. 4 Location of the business The Kofilicious will be located at the Walter Mart, North EDSA at the ground floor area. It is close to the LRT station, in front of Jackman. 1. 5 History of the business Initially, the proponents would like to start a Pizza Shop, a Restaurant or a Bar. However there is a difficulty in finding demand and supply of the main product. As time goes, the proponents have noticed that Filipinos are coffee lovers. So proponents were inspired by the idea of having a coffee shop. About the location, one of the proponent suggested to put up a business inside SM City San Lazaro at Felix Huertas St. Lacson Ave. Santa Cruz, Manila, but when they visited the said mall, the proponents found out that there are many direct and indirect competitors, so they searched for another location and found Walter Mart in North EDSA, Quezon City. It is a commercial place where it can achieve profitability through mall goers, students, employees. The most crucial factors that influenced the proponents in choosing what type of business project to establish and manage are (1) the need to obtain the necessary capital needed in establishing the business, (2) the marketability of the chosen project to ensure profit, and (3) the percentage and time needed to have return of investment in order to maintain and sustain the business project. Since the proponents are all students, capital is a limitation. The scale with which the business project will operate depends largely on the amount of money the proponents are able to commit to business. Nowadays, marketability of the product depends on the demand for the product. The project proponents chose food as their product because the marketability of beverages never decreases. As long as people drink, beverages will always be a top commodity. A survey conducted by the proponents showed that coffee is one of the most in-demand beverages. A little twist and little experiment, and the team came up with Kofilicious, coffee blended with other ingredients topped with whipped cream and wafer or wafer stick. CHAPTER 2 MANAGEMENT AND PERSONNEL The Kofilicous has a Stall Manager, Accountant, and two Store Personnel. Each personnel will work for eight hours a day, from Monday to Sunday. The term of payment will be given 15th and 30th of the month. The proponents choose personnel who have experienced and capability to work. 2. 1 Personnel The proponents formulate the policies, objectives and strategies to make the business productive and successful in its operation. The proponents will hire Stall Manager, an accountant, and store personnel. 2. 2 Personnel Requirements A. Stall Manager * Must be 21-35 years old * Must be a graduate of four year course which is related in Management, Hotel & Restaurant Management or any other business course * Must be willing to work on shifting hours * Must have passion about coffee. B. Store Personnel * Must be 18 to 25 years old * At least 5’4 in height (male) or 5’2 (female) * With pleasing personality * Must have at least college level of education * Must be hardworking & flexible * With skills in coffee mixing C. Accountant * Preferably a certified public accountant * With experience in financial statements preparation. 2. 2 Duties and Responsibilities A. Stall Manager * Oversees all the activities, * responsible for ensuring that the coffee shop maintains adequate supply levels, * maintains relationships with customers and staff, * identifies and estimates quantities of supplies to be ordered, * schedules staff work hours and activities, * organizes, plans, * bears the responsibility of ensuring that the coffee shop is adequately staffed, * makes sure employees are trained, * must handle all the advertising and promotion, * must manage the store and maintain the work flow and. * Must train the crews, and implements all the rules and policy. B. Store Personnel * are responsible for the preparation of coffee, * responsible for cleaning duties, * discover customer needs and appropriately suggest products with every customer to enhance service and meet sales goals, * Demonstrate the â€Å"Just Say Yes† behavior by taking care of customer needs, * Take responsibility to learn all aspects of the store personnel position, * are responsible for self-initiated learning, * enter purchases into cash register to calculate total purchase price, * accept cash payments, * count money, give change and issue receipt for funds received, * maintain sufficient amounts of change in cash drawer. * Keep register area neat and stocked with necessary supplies, * are responsible for inventory count, and * summarize daily sales and expense activities. C. Accountant * reports all financial matters to the owners, * prepares the business financial statements, * maintains of transaction records and the books of the firm, * manages the financial account of the business, * prepares the payroll. D. Proponents * oversee all work flow of the establishment, * Whenever the stall manager is not present, one of the proponents will be doing the after work inventory of sales. 2. 3 Organizational Chart Kofilicious adapted the line and staff organization that provides supplementing arms between the different levels of management. This type of organization is effective for good communication from top management to lower management. This form of organization is simple but helps avoid several organizational problems. FIGURE 1 Organizational chart STALL MANAGER Accountant STORE PERSONNEL 2. 3. 1 Proposed Rate of Salary Store personnel will be compensated on the number of hours and days of work they have ended. All employees will receive their salaries and wages every two (2) weeks. 2. 3. 2 Mode of Payment Payment of salaries and wages will be in the form of cash. Payment to be made twice in a month will be received by the employee on or before the 15th and 30th day of the month. 2. 4 Proposed Business Policies and Programs Be pleasant. Employees must wear a smile at all times. It should be part of daily operation. Be attentive. Employees must listen to every request made by the customers. Employees should exercise respect with customers at all times. Be patient. Employees must be patient in dealing with customers. They must exercise patience in order to please customers. Be accurate. Employees must give exact change at all times; make sure that accuracy is not only extended as to money matters, but in rendering service as well. The order is to be received correctly; the order is always to be repeated to the customer. Be loyal. Employees should give a loyal and honest service to the customer. Be observant. Employees must make it a habit to be on the lookout for little errors in service; and correct this in time. Be prompt. Employees must report for the duty promptly, and remain until relieved or until the manager has arranged for someone else to cover the work. Be clean. Employees must have a neat and clean appearance while on duty. Uniforms should be complete and in good order, properly buttoned and without spots or tear. They should observe proper hygiene daily. Management will not allow flashy jewelry, and excessive use of cosmetics. 2. 4. 1 Store Policies 1. The opening of the store is at 9:00 AM, exactly one hour before the actual opening of the mall, closing is at 10 in the evening. 2. All utensils used must be properly cleaned and sanitized after the operation, including the utility towels. 3. The crew should always wear their respective uniforms, caps, hairnet, and the nameplates provided by the company. 4. When the customer orders a product, the customer should be entertained and served in accordance with the span of time of making a blended coffee. 2. 4. 2 Uniforms All employees are required to wear their uniforms during working hours. The uniforms will be charged to the employee’s salary. The store uniform includes the following. a. Store shirt b. Pants c. Hairnet d. Cap and nameplate e. White socks and white clog shoes. 2. 4. 3 Attendance and Absences The company employs the strict observance on the attendance and absences of the employees or the following: 1. â€Å"No work, no pay policy† is strictly implemented. 2. Employees must work within the required hours and even during holidays, if necessary. 3. There will be a logbook and time card to have a record of the employees’ attendance. 4. Employees who intend to absent should inform the manager three hours prior to opening. 5. Employees who are absent for a day without any notice or permission to or from his/her manager are subject to: a. 1st offense- verbal warning b. 2nd offense- three-day suspension c. 3rd offense- six-day suspension d. 4th offense- discharge 6. Employees must be on time. A 15-minute grace period is allowed. Store hours will open at 10:00 a. m. as previously mentioned, but personnel are expected to be at the workplace one hour before opening time. 7. There will be a one-hour break per personnel, but this must be alternately done, that is, one personnel takes break, and the other one will be in-charge of the store, and vice versa 8. There is a one day-off, but it must be assigned and plotted by the manager. 2. 5 Proposed Management Style and Practices. The proponents will manage and supervise the operation of the business with the help of other people as their employees, and agreed to implement situational style of management in the supervision and operation in running the business. Considering the workers are one of the most valuable assets on our business, they must be treated fairly and with respect for them to work efficiently, effectively and productively. 2. 5. 1 Vision Kofilicious is committed to excellence. The partners are dedicated to offer not only the quantity but the quality of the proponents’ product, and the unparalleled service and love rendered to the people. 2. 5. 2 Mission To make Kofilicious a premium coffee house and to be competitive in coffee industry and its market. To be known through an excellent quality of coffee at affordable price with a strong reputation and consistent high growth in sales and profit. CHAPTER 3 MARKETING FEASIBILITY Coffee drinkers in the Philippines are among the most demanding ones. They favor well-brewed coffee drinks and demand great service. Kofilicous will strive to build a loyal customer base by offering a great tasting coffee located close to LRT Station. Our market research shows that 80% are the customer groups that are most likely to buy coffee. Since coffee consumption is universal, proximity to area of Walter Mart will provide access to the targeted customer. 3. 1 Market Description One of the major assumptions of this study is that the product can be patronized by all target market, since the proposed business is only small in scale. The target market population that the project covers is defined as the total estimate of people visiting the mall yearly. Since these people visit the mall and are free to go to any place at the mall, including the location of the project; all these people are potential customers. 3. 2 Demand. The computed demand was based from the survey the proponents conducted. The demand for the past five years and the projected five years are as follows: The survey showed that 80% of the respondents drink the traditional coffee. The respondents were also asked how frequent they drink coffee (given choice every day, once a week, twice a week). Respondents who chose â€Å"everyday† comprised 10% of the total subjects, â€Å"twice a week† comprised 30%, and â€Å"once a week† comprised 48%. The remaining 12% drink coffee for a frequency of â€Å"thrice a week to six times a week† – almost every day. This table illustrates the estimated demand for the product as defined by the percentages shown by the survey and the estimated population for the past five years Table 2 Frequency of Customer Demand for Possible Purchase Year| Total population| Interested to buy (80%) | Drinks coffee everyday(10%)| Once aWeek(48%)| Twice aWeek(30%)| Thrice to sixa week(12%)| 2011| 7,786| 6,229| 622| 2,990| 1,869| 747| The proponents conducted a survey at Walter Mart, North EDSA, Quezon City. This survey helped the proponents to know the number of respondents, target market and the total demand for coffee that the proponents need in the project. Based on 100 survey sheets that the proponents distributed, 80% of those people are willing to buy the product and 20% are those who are not willing to drink coffee. 3. 2. 1 Historical Demand Year| Total population| Interested to buy (80%)| Drinks coffee everyday(10%)| Once a week(48%)| Twice a week(30%)| Thrice a week(12%)| | | | | | | | 2007| 7,218| 5,774| 577| 2,772| 1,732| 692| 2008| 7,354| 5,883| 588| 2,824| 1,765| 705| 2009| 7,495| 5,996| 599| 2,878| 1,799| 719| 2010| 7,639| 6,111| 611| 2,933| 1,833| 733| 2011| 7,786| 6,229| 622| 2,990| 1,869| 747|. Year| Interested to buy(80%)| Total Demand(Annual)| 2007| 7,218| 607,004| 2008| 7,354| 618,441| 2009| 7,495| 630,299| 2010| 7,639| 642,409| 2011| 7,786| 654,771| Year| Total population| Interested to buy (80%)| Drinks coffee daily(10%)| Once a week(48%)| Twice a week(30%)| Thrice a week(12%)| Total Demand(Annual)| 2012| 7,935| 6,348| 634| 3,047| 1,904| 761| 667,301| 2013| 8,087| 6,470| 646| 3,105| 1,941| 776| 680,084| 2014| 8,242| 6,594| 659| 3,165| 1,978| 791| 693,119| 2015| 8,400| 6,720| 672| 3,226| 2,016| 806| 706,406| 2016| 8,561| 6,849| 684| 3,287| 2,055| 821| 719,945| 3. 2. 2 Projected Demand The Statistical straight line method was used to obtain the projected demand and based on the computed projection values, the proponents’ assessment is that there is a growing demand for coffee for the next five years. 3. 3 Supply Supply is the quality of goods that sellers are willing to sell out of given prices at a particular time and place. 3. 3. 1 Historical Supply The coffee may have a fixed price that could bring profile to the proponents or they have to sell it at whatever price it will fetch depending on the packaging. It is unlikely, however that they will continue to supply it if the price remain below the required amount to cover the cost and give the least profit. Competitors| Quantity sold per day | Zagu| 80| Coffee Break| 45| Tea Zone| 60| Competitors| Quantity sold per day in pcs. | Operating days| Total Supply| Zagu| 80| 360| 28,800| Coffee Break| 45| 360| 16,200| Tea Zone| 60| 360| 21,600| Annual Supply| | | 66,600| 3. 3. 2 Historical Supply Year| Competitor| Quantity sold/day in pcs| Operating days| Total Supply| 2007| -| -| 360| | 2008| -| -| 360| | 2009| 3| 179| 360| 193,320| 2010| 3| 182| 360| 196,560| 2011| 3| 185| 360| 199,800|. 3. 3. 3 Projected Supply Year| Competitor| Quantity sold/day in pieces| Operating days| Total Supply| 2012| 3| 188| 360| 203,040| 2013| 3| 191| 360| 206,280| 2014| 3| 194| 360| 209,520| 2015| 3| 197| 360| 212,760| 2016| 3| 200| 360| 216,000| 3. 4 Demand & Supply Analysis 3. 4. 1 Historical Demand Supply Gap Year| Demand| Supply| DS Gap| % Unsatisfied| 2007| 607,004| -| 7,218| 100%| 2008| 618,441| -| 7,354| 100%| 2009| 630,299| 193,320| 436,979| 69%| 2010| 642,409| 196,560| 445,849| 69%| 2011| 654,771| 199,800| 454,971| 69%| Year| Demand| Supply| DS Gap| % Unsatisfied| 2012| 667,301| 203,040| 464,261| 69%|. 2013| 680,084| 206,280| 473,804| 69%| 2014| 693,119| 209,520| 483,599| 69%| 2015| 706,406| 212,760| 493,646| 69%| 2016| 719,945| 216,000| 503,945| 70%| 3. 4. 2 Projected Demand Supply Gap 3. 5 Proposed Marketing Practices Marketing practices include the practices that affect the relationship between the wholesaler, distributor, manufacturer and the retailer. 3. 6 Proposed Marketing Program and Strategy Kofilicious main purpose is to satisfy customers’ needs specifically on their taste preference, and to provide quality and friendly service. In order to achieve the business mission, the proponents constructed different strategies. Marketing mix elements are price, place, product and promotion. A. Price Price is the one that creates sales revenues. The pricing strategy of Kofilicious is set to determine if the market is capable of purchasing. The product having affordable prices is a must. A buffer of 10% and a mark up 40% were added to the Total Food Cost to get the selling price. B. Place Proponents proposed project will be located inside Walter Mart North EDSA, this site is chosen in order to capture the target market. Walter Mart is known for being one of the most visited mall in the country. C. Product. This refers to tangible service. The brand name has a connection to the product, and in sense, customers will hopefully be back for more. There will be a variety of products for the customers to choose from to satisfy their wants and needs. Below are the following nutrition facts of each coffee blend: Cafe Vanilla Frappuccino Calories 270| Calories from Fat 100| Total Fat 11g| | Saturated Fat 7g| | Calories 220| Calories from Fat 25| Total Fat 2. 5g| | Cholesterol 10mg| | Total Carbohydrate 48g| | Sugars 46g| Protein 3g| Vitamin A 2%| | Mocha Frappuccino Trans Fat 0g| Cholesterol 35mg| Sodium 150mg|. Total Carbohydrate 42g| Dietary Fiber 0g| Sugars 40g| Protein 4g| Vitamin A 8%Iron 4%Ricoa’s ChocolateCalories 290 Calories from fat 190 % Daily valueTotal Fat 13g 20%Saturated Fat 7g 35%Cholesterol 45mg 15%Sodium 115mg 5%Total Carbohydrates 39mg 13%Sugars 32gProtein 11gVitamin A 15%Calcium 35%Iron 15%Caffe LatteCalories 150 Calories from fat 50 % Daily valueTotal Fat 6g 9%Saturated Fat 3. 5g 18%Cholesterol 25mg 8%Sodium 115mg 5%Total Carbohydrates 14g 5%Sugars 13gProtein 10gVitamin A 10%Calcium 35%Caramel MacchiatoCalories 180 Calories from fat 45 % Daily valueTotal Fat 5g 8%Saturated Fat 3. 5g 18%Cholesterol 20mg 7%Sodium 100mg 4%Total Carbohydrates 25g 9%Sugars 23gProtein 8gVitamin A 10%Calcium 35%| D. Promotion| One of the Marketing Promotion tools used are tarpaulin, flyers and discount stubs. For the opening of the store there are 50 pcs. discount cards to be distributed, the stall will also distribute of 100 pcs. flyers and will post a tarpaulin besides the stall for the consumer to have the idea what products are being offered. (3. 7 Project Sales, see page 79) CHAPTER 4 Technical/Production Production is a major step in the series of economic process that brings goods and services to people. Producing a product that would cater to high level of customers satisfaction is one of the requirements for the proponents to cope with today’s successful companies. In this part, the proponents will discuss the production flow chart, project site, layouts and production schedule, facilities, floor plan, machine and equipment, utilities and raw materials. 4. 1 Product Description Kofilicious will serve different flavors. Every product is composed of different ingredients. The proponents decided to make a unique blend of coffee to satisfy the customers. These product items and ingredient are as follows: Vanilla Cappuccino. ? c Fresh Milk 2 tsp. Sugar 1 tsp. Vanilla Syrup 2 T Coffee 1 tsp. Cinnamon 2 T Whipped Cream ? c Ice Cubes Mocha Frappuccino ? cFresh Milk 2 TRegular Coffee 2 TWhipped Cream 2 oz. Milk Magic Chocolate 3 TSugar 1 cIce Cubes Ricoa’s Chocolate Drink ? cFresh Milk 120 gRicoa’s Cocoa 3 TSugar 1 tsp. Vanilla Extract 1 cIce Cubes 2 TWhipped Cream Cafe Latte 1 oz. Espresso, brewed 1 oz. Condensed Milk 1cIce Cubes 1 tsp. Cinnamon 2 TWhipped Cream Caramel Latte Macchiato ? cSteamed Milk 1 tsp. Vanilla Syrup 1 oz. Espresso, brewed 1 TCaramel Syrup 2 T Whipped Cream 1 cIce Cubes 4. 2 Production Process. Production process starts with cleaning of the section. Then begin for preparation of the ingredients, followed by the setting of equipment, measuring ingredients, inspection of quality and then storing the ingredients. Vanilla Cappuccino 1. In a blender, put the fresh milk, sugar, vanilla syrup, and coffee. 2. Blend it for a second just to mix all the ingredients. 3. Then add the ice cubes and blend. 4. Put in a cup, top with whipped cream, cinnamon and your choice of toppings (either wafer or wafer stick). Mocha Frappuccino 1. Put the fresh milk, regular coffee, milk magic chocolate and sugar in a blender. 2. Blend it for a second just to mix all the ingredients. 3. Then add the ice cubes then blend. 4. Put in a cup and top with whipped cream and choice of toppings (either wafer or wafer stick). Ricoa’s Chocolate Drink 1. In a blender, put the fresh milk, ricoa’s cocoa, sugar and vanilla extract. 2. Blend it for a second just to mix all the ingredients. 3. Then add the ice cubes and blend. 4. Put in a cup and top with whipped cream and choice of toppings (either wafer or wafer stick). Cafe Latte 1. Put the brewed espresso and condensed milk. 2. Blend it for a second just to mix all the ingredients. 3. Then add the ice cubes and blend. 4. Put in a cup and top with whipped cream, cinnamon and choice of toppings (either wafer or stick-o). Caramel Latte Macchiato 1. In a blender, put the steamed milk, vanilla syrup, brewed espresso, and caramel syrup. 2. Blend it for a second just to mix all the ingredients. 3. Then put the ice cubes and blend. 4. Put in a cup and top with whipped cream and choice of toppings (either wafer or wafer stick). 4. 3 Flow Diagram Operation A production process can be defined as any activity that increase the similarity between the pattern of demand-goods, the quantity form and the distribution of these goods available to the market place. LEGEND * Operation * Transportation 4. 3. 1 Production Process 1. Cleaning the area 2. Setting of the equipment 3. Preparing of the ingredients 4. Mixing the ingredients 5. Presentation 6. Serving 4. 3. 2 Service Flow Customer Kofilicious Personnel 4. 4 Materials Handling Design The materials requested for the daily operation of the business will be purchased by the proponents every week. One of the staff will inspect the process of production. The store will be using FIFO or First- In First Out as its inventory method. Materials are kept in safe and secured storage. 4. 5 Project Site The project is located inside Walter Mart, North EDSA, Quezon City. The project site has a total area of 3 meters by 2 meters. The site was chosen because the business is located near public and private offices and residences. 4. 6 Project Layout The food stand is about 8ft. in height, 4 ft. length and 3ft. in width. For the proponents the area is big enough to meet the production and selling operation of the business, the storage and other equipment could still be accommodated in the proposed area. 4. 7 Plant Size and Production Schedule The proponents chose the proposed business at the first level of Walter Mart, North EDSA Quezon City with a floor area of 3 meters by 2 meters. Table – Personnel Schedule: | Stall Manager| Store Personnel (1)| Store Personnel (2)| Monday| 10:00 a. m -7:00 p. m| 08:00 a. m -04:00 p. m| | Tuesday| 10:00 a. m -7:00 p. m| 10:00 a. m -7:00 p. m| OFF| Wednesday| OFF| 10:00 a. m -7:00 p. m| 10:00 a. m -7:00 p. m| Thursday| 10:00 a. m -7:00 p. m| OFF| 10:00 a. m -7:00 p. m| Friday| OFF| 10:00 a. m -7:00 p. m| 10:00 a. m -7:00 p. m| Saturday| 10:00 a. m -7:00 p. m| 10:00 a. m -7:00 p. m| 10:00 a. m -7:00 p.m| Sunday| 10:00 a. m -7:00 p. m| 10:00 a. m -7:00 p. m| 10:00 a. m -7:00 p. m| 4. 8. Floor Plan The stall has a total area of 3 by 2 meters which will have the operation area and the product display area. It has enough space for three personnel. The lease term is two months in advance and one month deposit. 4. 9 Utilities As for utilities, water supplied by Maynilad and electricity from Meralco will be included in the rental fee. The business will be charged Php 30,000. 00 every month with a 10% increase on rent per year. 4. 10 Coffee Materials Vanilla Cappuccino (8oz/240ml) Quantity| Ingredients| Wt. in g/ml| Product Cost| Unit Cost| Food Cost| ? c| Fresh Milk| 60 ml| P 62. 15/1000 ml| 0. 06| P 3. 60| 2 tsp. | Sugar| 10 g| P54. 00/1000 g| 0. 054| P 0. 54| 1 tsp. | Vanilla Syrup| 5 ml| P 10. 00/30 ml| 0. 33| P 1. 65| 1 tsp. | Coffee, strong| 5 g| P 66. 95/100 g| 0. 67| P 3. 35| 1 tsp. | Cinnamon| 5 g| P 38. 35/30 g| 1. 28| P 6. 40| 1 T| Whipped Cream| 15 ml| P 43. 20/250 ml| 0. 17| P 2. 55| ? c| Ice Cubes| 120 g| P 5. 00/1000g| 0. 005| 0. 60| Total Food Cost P 18. 69 +10% Buffer P 1. 87 Total cost P 20. 56 Mark-up 40% P 8. 22 Selling Price P 28. 78 or P 29. 00 Profit P 10. 00 Vanilla Cappuccino (12 oz./360ml). Quantity| Ingredients| Wt. in g/ml| Product Cost| Unit Cost| Food Cost| ? c| Fresh Milk| 120 ml| P 62. 15/ 1000ml| 0. 06| P 7. 20| 3 tsp. | Sugar| 15 g| P 54. 00/1000g| 0. 054| P 0. 81| 2 tsp. | Vanilla Syrup| 10 ml| P 10. 00/30 ml| 0. 33| P 3. 30| 2 tsp. | Coffee, strong| 10 g| P 66. 95/100 g| 0. 67| P 6. 70| 1 tsp. | Cinnamon| 5 g| P 38. 35/30 g| 1. 28| P 6. 40| 2 T| Whipped Cream| 30 ml| P 43. 20/250 ml| 0. 17| P 5. 10| ? c| Ice Cubes| 180 g| P 5. 00/1000 g| 0. 005| P 0. 90| Total Food Cost P 30. 41 +10% Buffer P 3. 04 Total cost P 33. 45 Mark-up 40% P 13. 38 Selling Price P 46. 83 or P 47. 00 Profit P 16. 00 Mocha Frappuccino (8 oz. /240 ml) Quantity| Ingredients| Wt. in g/ml| Product Cost| Unit cost| Food Cost| ? c| Fresh Milk| 60 ml| P 62. 15/1000 ml| 0. 06| P 3. 60| 1 tsp. | Coffee, strong| 5 g| P 66. 95/100 g| 0. 67| P 3. 35| 1 T| Whipped Cream| 15 ml| P 43. 20/250 ml| 0. 17| P 2. 55| 1 oz. | Milk Magic Chocolate| 30 ml| P62. 15/1000 ml| 0. 06| P 1. 80| 2 tsp. | Sugar| 10 g| P 54. 00/1000 g| 0. 054| P 0. 54| ? c| Ice Cubes| 120 g| P 5. 00/1000 | 0. 005| P 0. 60| Total Food Cost P 12. 44 +10% Buffer P 1. 24 Total cost P 13. 68 Mark-up 40% P 5. 47 Selling Price P 19. 15 or P 20. 00. Profit P 7. 00 Mocha Frappuccino (12 Oz. /360 ml) Quantity| Ingredients| Wt. in g/ml| Product cost| Unit cost| Food cost| ? c| Fresh Milk| 120 ml| P 62. 15/1000 ml| 0. 06| P 7. 20| 2 tsp. | Coffee, strong| 10 g| P 66. 95/100 g| 0. 67| P 6. 70| 2 T| Whipped Cream| 30 ml| P 43. 20/250 ml| 0. 17| P 5. 10| 2 oz. | Milk Magic Chocolate| 60 ml| P 62. 15/1000 ml| 0. 06| P 3. 60| 3 tsp. | Sugar| 15 g| P 54. 00/1000 g| 0. 054| P 0. 81| ? c| Ice Cubes| 180 g| P 5. 00/1000 g| 0. 005| P 0. 90| Total Food Cost P 24. 31 +10% Buffer P 2. 43 Total cost P 26. 74 Mark-up 40% P 10. 70 Selling Price P 37. 44 or P 38. 00 Profit P 13. 00 Ricoa’s Chocolate drink (8oz. /240 ml) Quantity| Ingredients| Wt. in g/ml| Product cost| Unit cost| Food cost| ? c| Fresh Milk| 60 ml| P 62. 15/1000 ml| 0. 06| P 3. 60| 60 g| Ricoa’s Cocoa| 60 g| P 52. 85/200 g| 0. 26| P 15. 60| 2 tsp. | Sugar| 10 g| P 54. 00/1000 g| 0. 054| P 0. 54| 1 tsp. | Vanilla Extract| 5 ml| P 10. 00/30 ml| 0. 33| P 1. 65| ? c| Ice Cubes| 120 g| P 5. 00/1000 g| 0. 005| P 0. 60| 1 T| Whipped Cream| 15 ml| P 43. 20/250 ml| 0. 17| P 2. 55| Total Food Cost P 24. 54 +10% Buffer P 2. 45 Total cost P 26. 99 Mark-up 40% P 10. 80 Selling Price P 37. 79 or P 38. 00. Profit P 13. 00 Ricoa’s Chocolate drink (12 oz. /360 ml) Quantity| Ingredients| Wt. in g/ml| Product cost| Unit cost| Food cost| ? c| Fresh Milk| 120 ml| P 62. 15/1000 ml| 0. 06| P 7. 20| 80 g| Ricoa’s Cocoa| 80 g| P 52. 85/200 g| 0. 26| P 20. 80| 3 tsp. | Sugar| 15 g| P 54. 00/1000 g| 0. 054| P 0. 81| 1 tsp. | Vanilla extract| 5 ml| P 10. 00/30 ml| 0. 33| P 1. 65| ? c| Ice cubes| 180 g| P 5. 00/1000 g| 0. 005| P 0. 90| 2 T| Whipped Cream| 30 ml| P 43. 20/250 ml| 0. 17| P 5. 10| Total Food Cost P 36. 46 +10% Buffer P 3. 65 Total cost P 40. 11 Mark-up 40% P 16. 04 Selling Price P 56. 15 or P 57. 00 Profit P 20. 00 Cafe Latte (8oz. /240 ml) Quantity| Ingredients| Wt. in g/ml| Product cost| Unit cost| Food cost| 10 ml| Espresso ,brewed| 10 ml| P 60. 00/60 ml| 1| P 10. 00| ? oz. | Condensed Milk| 15 ml| P 30. 75/300 ml| 0. 10| P 1. 50| ? c| Ice cubes| 120 g| P 5. 00/1000 g| 0. 005| P 0. 60| 1 tsp. | Cinnamon| 5 g| P 38. 35/30 g| 1. 28| P 6. 40| 1 T| Whipped cream| 15 ml| P 43. 20/250 ml| 0. 17| P 2. 55| Total Food Cost P 21. 05 +10% Buffer P 2. 11 Total cost P 23. 16 Mark-up 40% P 9. 26 Selling Price P 32. 42 or P 33. 00 Profit P 11. 00 Cafe Latte (12 oz. /360 ml) Quantity| Ingredients| Wt. in g/ml| ProductCost| Unit cost| Food cost| 15 ml| Espresso, brewed| 15 ml| P 60. 00/60 ml| 1| P 15. 00| 20 ml| Condensed milk| 20 ml| P 30. 75/300 ml| 0. 10| P 2. 00| ? c| Ice cubes| 180 g| P 5. 00/1000 g| 0. 005| P 0. 90| 1 tsp. | Cinnamon| 5 g| P 38. 35/30 g| 1. 28| P 6. 40| 2 T| Whipped Cream| 30 ml| P 43. 20/250 ml| 0. 17| P 5. 10| Total Food Cost P 29. 40 +10% Buffer P 2. 94 Total cost P 32. 34 Mark-up 40% P 12. 94 Selling Price P 45. 28 or P 46. 00 Profit P 16. 00 Caramel Latte Macchiato (8 OZ. /240 ml) Quantity| Ingredients| Wt. in g/ml| Product Cost| Unit Cost| Food Cost| ? c| Steamed Milk| 60 ml| P 61. 80/1000 ml| 0. 06| P 3. 60| 1 tsp. | Vanilla Syrup| 5 ml| P 10. 00/30 ml| 0. 33| P 1. 65| 10 ml| Espresso, brewed| 10 ml| P 60. 00/60 ml| 1| P 10| 2 tsp. | Caramel syrup| 10 ml| P 59. 15/120 ml| 0. 43| P 4. 30| 1 T| Whipped cream| 15 ml| P 43. 20/250 ml| 0. 17| P 2. 55| ? c| Ice cubes| 120 g| P 5. 00/1000 g| 0. 005| 0. 60| Total Food Cost P 26. 30 +10% Buffer P 2. 63 Total cost P 28. 93 Selling Price P 40. 50 or P 41. 00 Profit P 14. 00 Caramel Latte Macchiato (12 oz. / 360 ml) Quantity| Ingredients| Wt. in g/ml| Product Cost| Unit Cost| Food Cost| ? c| Steamed milk| 120 ml| P 61. 80/1000 ml| 0. 06| P 7. 20| 1 tsp. | Vanilla syrup| 5 ml| P 10. 00/30 ml| 0. 33| P 1. 65| 15 ml| Espresso, brewed| 15 ml| P 60. 00/60 ml| 1| P 15. 00| 3 tsp. | Caramel syrup| 15 ml| P 59. 15/120 ml| 0. 43| P 6. 45| 2 T| Whipped cream| 30 ml| P 43. 20/250 ml| 0. 17| P 5. 10| ? c| Ice Cubes| 180 g| P 5. 00/1000 g| 0. 005| P 0. 90| Total food Cost P 36. 30 +10% Buffer P 3. 63 Total cost P 39. 93 Mark-up 40% P 15. 97 Selling Price P 55. 90 or P 56. 00 Profit P 19. 00 Costs for packaging Materials| Product Price| Plastic Cups (8 oz. )| P 47. 50/50 pcs. | Plastic Cup (12 oz. )| P 51. 50/50 pcs. | Straw| P 75. 00/200 pcs. | Tissue| P 40. 00/bundle| TOTAL:| P 214. 00| 4. 11 Equipment, Kitchen Tools & Packaging Requirements Equipment Item| Quantity| Unit Cost| Total Cost| Food Kiosk| 1| P 40,000| P 40,000| Blender| 2| P 1,200| P 2,400| Freezer| 1| P 9,847. 00| P 9,847. 00| Coffee Maker| 1| P 2,100| P2,100| | | Total:| P 54, 347. 00| Kitchen Tools Item| Quantity| Unit Cost| Total Cost| Measuring Cup| 2 set| 60| P 112. 00| Measuring Spoon| 2 set| 80| P 160. 00| Plastic Container| 6| | P150. 00| Kitchen Scissors| 1| P 30. 00| P 30. 00| | | Total:| P 452. 00| Packaging Requirement Item| Quantity| Amount| Total| Plastic cup| 50 pcs. | 0. 60| P 30. 00| Plastic straw| 50 pcs. | 0. 18| P 17. 50| Tissue| 1,000 pcs. | 0. 005| P 50. 00| | | Total:| P 97. 50| 4. 12 Man Power Requirements Manpower Requirement Position| No. | Work load| Basic Rate| Stall Manager| 1| Eight hours a day| Share to the capital| Accountant| 1| Twice a month| 1,500. 00/visit*2/month. Php 3,000. 00| Store Personnel| 2| Eight hours a day| 404/day*26days/month. P 10,504. 00| 4. 13 Wastes and Waste disposal Kofilicous will implement proper ways of disposing solid and liquid wastes. Solid wastes include used cups and plastic straws.